<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
         version="5.0"
         xml:id="sec-release-16.03">

<title>Release 16.03 (“Emu”, 2016/03/31)</title>

<para>In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release
has the following highlights:</para>

<itemizedlist>

  <listitem>
    <para>Systemd 229, bringing <link
    xlink:href="https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/v229/NEWS">numerous
    improvements</link> over 217.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Linux 4.4 (was 3.18).</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>GCC 5.3 (was 4.9). Note that GCC 5 <link
    xlink:href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/using_dual_abi.html">changes
    the C++ ABI in an incompatible way</link>; this may cause problems
    if you try to link objects compiled with different versions of
    GCC.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Glibc 2.23 (was 2.21).</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Binutils 2.26 (was 2.23.1). See #909</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Improved support for ensuring <link
    xlink:href="https://reproducible-builds.org/">bitwise reproducible
    builds</link>. For example, <literal>stdenv</literal> now sets the
    environment variable <envar
    xlink:href="https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</envar>
    to a deterministic value, and Nix has <link
    xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-relnotes-1.11">gained
    an option</link> to repeat a build a number of times to test
    determinism. An ongoing project, the goal of exact reproducibility
    is to allow binaries to be verified independently (e.g., a user
    might only trust binaries that appear in three independent binary
    caches).</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Perl 5.22.</para>
  </listitem>

</itemizedlist>

<para>The following new services were added since the last release:

  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/longview.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>hardware/video/webcam/facetimehd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/default.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/fcitx.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/ibus.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/nabi.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/uim.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>programs/fish.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>security/acme.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>security/audit.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>security/oath.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/hardware/irqbalance.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/mail/dspam.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/mail/opendkim.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/mail/postsrsd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/mail/rspamd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/mail/rmilter.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/autofs.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/bepasty.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/calibre-server.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/cfdyndns.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/gammu-smsd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/mathics.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/misc/octoprint.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/hdaps.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/heapster.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/longview.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/network-filesystems/netatalk.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/network-filesystems/xtreemfs.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/autossh.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/dnschain.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/gale.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/miniupnpd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/namecoind.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/ostinato.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/pdnsd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/shairport-sync.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/networking/supplicant.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/search/kibana.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/security/haka.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/security/physlock.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/web-apps/pump.io.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>services/x11/window-managers/windowlab.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>system/boot/initrd-network.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>system/boot/loader/loader.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>system/boot/networkd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>system/boot/resolved.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>virtualisation/lxd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
    <listitem><para><literal>virtualisation/rkt.nix</literal></para></listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
</para>

<para>When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the
following incompatible changes:</para>

<itemizedlist>

  <listitem>
    <para>We no longer produce graphical ISO images and VirtualBox
    images for <literal>i686-linux</literal>. A minimal ISO image is
    still provided.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Firefox and similar browsers are now <emphasis>wrapped by default</emphasis>.
    The package and attribute names are plain <literal>firefox</literal>
    or <literal>midori</literal>, etc.  Backward-compatibility attributes were set up,
    but note that <command>nix-env -u</command> will <emphasis>not</emphasis> update
    your current <literal>firefox-with-plugins</literal>;
    you have to uninstall it and install <literal>firefox</literal> instead.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><command>wmiiSnap</command> has been replaced with
    <command>wmii_hg</command>, but
    <command>services.xserver.windowManager.wmii.enable</command> has
    been updated respectively so this only affects you if you have
    explicitly installed <command>wmiiSnap</command>.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>jobs</literal> NixOS option has been removed. It served as
    compatibility layer between Upstart jobs and SystemD services. All services
    have been rewritten to use <literal>systemd.services</literal></para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><command>wmiimenu</command> is removed, as it has been
    removed by the developers upstream. Use <command>wimenu</command>
    from the <command>wmii-hg</command> package.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Gitit is no longer automatically added to the module list in
    NixOS and as such there will not be any manual entries for it. You
    will need to add an import statement to your NixOS configuration
    in order to use it, e.g.

<programlisting><![CDATA[
{
  imports = [ <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitit.nix> ];
}
]]></programlisting>

    will include the Gitit service configuration options.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><command>nginx</command> does not accept flags for enabling and
    disabling modules anymore. Instead it accepts <literal>modules</literal>
    argument, which is a list of modules to be built in. All modules now
    reside in <literal>nginxModules</literal> set. Example configuration:

<programlisting><![CDATA[
nginx.override {
  modules = [ nginxModules.rtmp nginxModules.dav nginxModules.moreheaders ];
}
]]></programlisting>
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><command>s3sync</command> is removed, as it hasn't been
    developed by upstream for 4 years and only runs with ruby 1.8.
    For an actively-developer alternative look at
    <command>tarsnap</command> and others.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><command>ruby_1_8</command> has been removed as it's not
    supported from upstream anymore and probably contains security
    issues.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>tidy-html5</literal> package is removed.
    Upstream only provided <literal>(lib)tidy5</literal> during development,
    and now they went back to <literal>(lib)tidy</literal> to work as a drop-in
    replacement of the original package that has been unmaintained for years.
    You can (still) use the <literal>html-tidy</literal> package, which got updated
    to a stable release from this new upstream.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>extraDeviceOptions</literal> argument is removed
    from <literal>bumblebee</literal> package. Instead there are
    now two separate arguments: <literal>extraNvidiaDeviceOptions</literal>
    and <literal>extraNouveauDeviceOptions</literal> for setting
    extra X11 options for nvidia and nouveau drivers, respectively.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>The <literal>Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</literal> key combination
    no longer kills the X server by default.
    There's a new option <option>services.xserver.enableCtrlAltBackspace</option>
    allowing to enable the combination again.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>emacsPackagesNg</literal> now contains all packages
    from the ELPA, MELPA, and MELPA Stable repositories.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Data directory for Postfix MTA server is moved from
    <filename>/var/postfix</filename> to <filename>/var/lib/postfix</filename>.
    Old configurations are migrated automatically. <literal>service.postfix</literal>
    module has also received many improvements, such as correct directories' access
    rights, new <literal>aliasFiles</literal> and <literal>mapFiles</literal>
    options and more.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Filesystem options should now be configured as a list of strings, not
    a comma-separated string. The old style will continue to work, but print a
    warning, until the 16.09 release. An example of the new style:

<programlisting>
fileSystems."/example" = {
  device = "/dev/sdc";
  fsType = "btrfs";
  options = [ "noatime" "compress=lzo" "space_cache" "autodefrag" ];
};
</programlisting>
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>CUPS, installed by <literal>services.printing</literal> module, now
    has its data directory in <filename>/var/lib/cups</filename>. Old
    configurations from <filename>/etc/cups</filename> are moved there
    automatically, but there might be problems. Also configuration options
    <literal>services.printing.cupsdConf</literal> and
    <literal>services.printing.cupsdFilesConf</literal> were removed
    because they had been allowing one to override configuration variables
    required for CUPS to work at all on NixOS. For most use cases,
    <literal>services.printing.extraConf</literal> and new option
    <literal>services.printing.extraFilesConf</literal> should be enough;
    if you encounter a situation when they are not, please file a bug.</para>

    <para>There are also Gutenprint improvements; in particular, a new option
    <literal>services.printing.gutenprint</literal> is added to enable automatic
    updating of Gutenprint PPMs; it's greatly recommended to enable it instead
    of adding <literal>gutenprint</literal> to the <literal>drivers</literal> list.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>services.xserver.vaapiDrivers</literal> has been removed. Use
    <literal>hardware.opengl.extraPackages{,32}</literal> instead. You can
    also specify VDPAU drivers there.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>
    <literal>programs.ibus</literal> moved to <literal>i18n.inputMethod.ibus</literal>.
    The option <literal>programs.ibus.plugins</literal> changed to <literal>i18n.inputMethod.ibus.engines</literal>
    and the option to enable ibus changed from <literal>programs.ibus.enable</literal> to
    <literal>i18n.inputMethod.enabled</literal>.
    <literal>i18n.inputMethod.enabled</literal> should be set to the used input method name,
    <literal>"ibus"</literal> for ibus.
    An example of the new style:

<programlisting>
i18n.inputMethod.enabled = "ibus";
i18n.inputMethod.ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ anthy mozc ];
</programlisting>

That is equivalent to the old version:

<programlisting>
programs.ibus.enable = true;
programs.ibus.plugins = with pkgs; [ ibus-anthy mozc ];
</programlisting>

    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>services.udev.extraRules</literal> option now writes rules
    to <filename>99-local.rules</filename> instead of <filename>10-local.rules</filename>.
    This makes all the user rules apply after others, so their results wouldn't be
    overriden by anything else.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Large parts of the <literal>services.gitlab</literal> module has been
    been rewritten. There are new configuration options available. The
    <literal>stateDir</literal> option was renamned to
    <literal>statePath</literal> and the <literal>satellitesDir</literal> option
    was removed. Please review the currently available options.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>
    The option <option>services.nsd.zones.&lt;name&gt;.data</option> no
    longer interpret the dollar sign ($) as a shell variable, as such it
    should not be escaped anymore.  Thus the following zone data:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
\$ORIGIN example.com.
\$TTL 1800
@       IN      SOA     ns1.vpn.nbp.name.      admin.example.com. (
    </programlisting>
    <para>
    Should modified to look like the actual file expected by nsd:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
$ORIGIN example.com.
$TTL 1800
@       IN      SOA     ns1.vpn.nbp.name.      admin.example.com. (
    </programlisting>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>
    <literal>service.syncthing.dataDir</literal> options now has to point
    to exact folder where syncthing is writing to. Example configuration should
    look something like:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
services.syncthing = {
    enable = true;
    dataDir = "/home/somebody/.syncthing";
    user = "somebody";
};
    </programlisting>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>
      <literal>networking.firewall.allowPing</literal> is now enabled by
      default. Users are encouraged to configure an appropriate rate limit for
      their machines using the Kernel interface at
      <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ratelimit</filename> and
      <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/icmp/ratelimit</filename> or using the
      firewall itself, i.e. by setting the NixOS option
      <literal>networking.firewall.pingLimit</literal>.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>
      Systems with some broadcom cards used to result into a generated config
      that is no longer accepted. If you get errors like
      <screen>error: path ‘/nix/store/*-broadcom-sta-*’ does not exist and cannot be created</screen>
      you should either re-run <command>nixos-generate-config</command> or manually replace
      <literal>"${config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta}"</literal>
      by
      <literal>config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta</literal>
      in your <filename>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename>.
      More discussion is on <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/12595">
      the github issue</link>.
    </para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>
      The <literal>services.xserver.startGnuPGAgent</literal> option has been removed.
      GnuPG 2.1.x changed the way the gpg-agent works, and that new approach no
      longer requires (or even supports) the "start everything as a child of the
      agent" scheme we've implemented in NixOS for older versions.
      To configure the gpg-agent for your X session, add the following code to
      <filename>~/.bashrc</filename> or some file that’s sourced when your shell is started:
    <programlisting>
GPG_TTY=$(tty)
export GPG_TTY
    </programlisting>
      If you want to use gpg-agent for SSH, too, add the following to your session
      initialization (e.g. <literal>displayManager.sessionCommands</literal>)
    <programlisting>
gpg-connect-agent /bye
unset SSH_AGENT_PID
export SSH_AUTH_SOCK="''${HOME}/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh"
    </programlisting>
      and make sure that
    <programlisting>
enable-ssh-support
    </programlisting>
      is included in your <filename>~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf</filename>.
      You will need to use <command>ssh-add</command> to re-add your ssh keys.
      If gpg’s automatic transformation of the private keys to the new format fails,
      you will need to re-import your private keyring as well:
    <programlisting>
gpg --import ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
    </programlisting>
    The <command>gpg-agent(1)</command> man page has more details about this subject,
    i.e. in the "EXAMPLES" section.
    </para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>


<para>Other notable improvements:

<itemizedlist>

  <!--
  <listitem>
    <para>The <command>command-not-found</command> hook was extended.
    Apart from <literal>$NIX_AUTO_INSTALL</literal> variable,
    it newly also checks for <literal>$NIX_AUTO_RUN</literal>
    which causes it to directly run the missing commands via
    <command>nix-shell</command> (without installing anything).</para>
  </listitem>
  -->

  <listitem>
    <para><literal>ejabberd</literal> module is brought back and now works on
    NixOS.</para>
  </listitem>

  <listitem>
    <para>Input method support was improved. New NixOS modules (fcitx, nabi and uim),
    fcitx engines (chewing, hangul, m17n, mozc and table-other) and ibus engines (hangul and m17n)
    have been added.</para>
  </listitem>

</itemizedlist></para>

</section>
